Ngā Pūrongo

Ka whakatakotohia e te paetukutuku IEEE ngā pihikete ki tō pūrere hei whakarato i te wheako kaiwhakamahi pai rawa atu ki a koe. Mā te whakamahi i tā mātou paetukutuku, e whakaae ana koe ki te whakatakotoranga o ēnei pihikete. Mō ētahi atu mōhiohio, pānuihia tā mātou Kaupapahere Tūmataitinga.

Ka tātarihia e ngā tohunga matua o te inenga RF te mamae o te 5G—me te rerekētanga i waenga i te pānga me te inenga

He tekau tau te roa o te wheako o Kenneth R. Foster ki te ako i te irahiko auau reo irirangi (RF) me ōna pānga ki ngā pūnaha koiora. Ināianei, kua mahi tahi ia ki te tuhi i tētahi rangahau hou mō tēnei kaupapa me ētahi atu kairangahau tokorua, a Marvin Ziskin rāua ko Quirino Balzano. E toru o rātou (he hoa IEEE pumau katoa) he neke atu i te rau tau te wheako ki tēnei kaupapa.
I roto i te rangahau, i whakaputaina ki te International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health i te marama o Pēpuere, i tirohia ngā tau 75 kua hipa o te rangahau ki te aromatawai i te pānga o te RF me te ine i te horopeta. I roto i tēnei rangahau, ka whakamāramahia e ngā kaituhi tahi te tawhiti kua ahu whakamua te mara me te take e whakaaro ai rātou he angitu pūtaiao tēnei.
I kōrero a IEEE Spectrum mā te īmēra ki te Ahorangi Emeritus o Te Whare Wānanga o Pennsylvania, ki a Foster. I hiahia mātou ki te ako atu mō te angitu o ngā rangahau aromatawai pānga RF, he aha te mea e uaua ai te ine i te horopeta RF, me te aha hoki te āhua nei kāore e memeha haere ngā āwangawanga a te marea mō te hauora me te irahiko ahokore.
Mō te hunga kāore i te mōhio ki te rerekētanga, he aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te pānga me te horopeta?

Kenneth Foster: I roto i te horopaki o te haumaru RF, ko te pānga e pā ana ki te mara i waho o te tinana, ā, ko te horopeta e pā ana ki te pūngao e mimitihia ana i roto i te kiko o te tinana. He mea nui ngā mea e rua mō ngā tono maha - hei tauira, te rangahau hauora, te hauora mahi, me te haumaru hikohiko kaihoko.
"Mō tētahi arotake pai o ngā rangahau mō ngā pānga koiora o te 5G, tirohia te tuhinga a [Ken] Karipidis, i kitea ai 'kāore he taunakitanga whakamutunga e kī ana ko ngā mara RF taumata-iti i runga ake i te 6 GHz, pērā i ērā e whakamahia ana e ngā whatunga 5G, he kino ki te hauora o te tangata.'" -- Kenneth R. Foster, Te Whare Wānanga o Pennsylvania
Foster: Ehara i te raruraru te ine i ngā mara RF i te wāhi wātea. Ko te raruraru tūturu e puta ake ana i ētahi wā ko te rerekētanga nui o te pānga RF. Hei tauira, he maha ngā kaipūtaiao e rangahau ana i ngā taumata mara RF i te taiao hei aro atu ki ngā āwangawanga hauora tūmatanui. Ina whakaarohia te maha o ngā pūtake RF i te taiao me te pirau tere o te mara RF mai i tētahi pūtake, ehara tēnei i te mahi ngāwari. He wero tūturu te tautuhi tika i te pānga takitahi ki ngā mara RF, mō te hunga kaipūtaiao torutoru e ngana ana ki te mahi pera.

I te wā i tuhia ai e koe me ō hoa kaituhi tāu tuhinga IJERPH, ko tāu whāinga he tohu i ngā angitu me ngā wero ine inenga o ngā rangahau aromatawai pānga? Foster: Ko tā mātou whāinga he tohu i te ahunga whakamua whakamiharo kua tutuki i ngā rangahau aromatawai pānga i roto i ngā tau, kua nui ake te māramatanga o te rangahau i ngā pānga koiora o ngā mara auau reo irirangi, ā, kua akiaki hoki i ngā whanaketanga nui i roto i te hangarau hauora.
E hia te nui o te whakapainga o ngā taputapu i ēnei wāhanga? Hei tauira, ka taea e koe te kōrero mai he aha ngā taputapu i wātea ki a koe i te tīmatanga o tō mahi, ki te whakataurite ki ngā mea e wātea ana i ēnei rā? He aha te whai wāhi a ngā taputapu kua whakapaitia ki te angitu o ngā aromatawai whakaaturanga?
Foster: Kei te iti haere, kei te kaha haere ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana hei ine i ngā mara RF i roto i ngā rangahau hauora me te haumaru. Mā wai rā i whakaaro i ētahi tekau tau ki muri ka pakari ake ngā taputapu mara arumoni kia taea ai te kawe mai ki te wāhi mahi, ka taea te ine i ngā mara RF kia kaha ki te whakararu i te mahi, engari kia tairongo hoki ki te ine i ngā mara ngoikore mai i ngā pūihi tawhiti? I taua wā anō, whakatauhia te whānuitanga tika o te tohu hei tautuhi i tōna pūtake?
Ka ahatia ina neke te hangarau ahokore ki ngā roopu auau hou—hei tauira, ngā ngaru mirimita me te terahertz mō te waea pūkoro, te 6 GHz rānei mō te Wi-Fi?
Foster: Anō, ko te raruraru e pā ana ki te uaua o te āhuatanga o te pānga, ehara i te taputapu. Hei tauira, ka tukuna e ngā teihana turanga waea pūkoro 5G te whānuitanga teitei he maha ngā hihi e neke ana i te wāhi. Nā tēnei ka uaua ki te ine i te pānga ki ngā tāngata e tata ana ki ngā wāhi pūtau hei manatoko kei te haumaru te pānga (pērā i te nuinga o te wā).
"Ko ahau nei, he nui ake tōku āwangawanga mō te pānga pea o te nui rawa o te wā i mua i te mata ki te whanaketanga o te tamaiti me ngā take tūmataitinga." – Kenneth R. Foster, Te Whare Wānanga o Pennsylvania

Mena he raruraru kua whakatauhia te aromatawai pānga, he aha te mea e uaua ai te pikinga ake o te ine inenga tika? He aha te mea e māmā ake ai te tuatahi i te tuarua?
Foster: He uaua ake te ine ine i te pāmahana i te aromatawai i te pānga. Kāore e taea te whakauru i tētahi pūwero RF ki roto i te tinana o tētahi. He maha ngā take e hiahia ai koe ki ēnei mōhiohio, pērā i ngā maimoatanga hyperthermia mō te maimoatanga matepukupuku, me whakamahana te kiko ki ngā taumata kua tohua. Ki te iti rawa te wera, kāore he painga rongoā, ki te nui rawa, ka wera te tūroro.
Ka taea e koe te kōrero mai ki ahau mō te mahi ine ine i ēnei rā? Ki te kore e taea te whakauru i tētahi ine ki roto i te tinana o tētahi, he aha te mea pai e whai ake nei?
Foster: He pai te whakamahi i ngā mita RF tawhito hei ine i ngā āpure i te rangi mō ngā momo kaupapa. Koinei tonu te āhua o ngā mahi haumaru mahi, me ine koe i ngā āpure auau reo irirangi e puta ana i ngā tinana o ngā kaimahi. Mō te hyperthermia haumanu, me herea tonu pea e koe ngā tūroro ki ngā probe wera, engari kua tino whakapai ake te ine i ngā horopeta wera i te tika o te ine i ngā horopeta wera, ā, kua arahi ki ngā whanaketanga nui o te hangarau. Mō ngā rangahau mō ngā pānga koiora RF (hei tauira, te whakamahi i ngā antenna kua whakanohoia ki runga i ngā kararehe), he mea nui kia mōhio koe ki te nui o te pūngao RF e mimitihia ana e te tinana me te wāhi e haere ana. Kāore e taea e koe te poipoi noa i tō waea ki mua i tētahi kararehe hei pūtake o te pānga (engari ko ētahi kairangahau e mahi ana). Mō ētahi rangahau nui, pērā i te rangahau a te National Toxicology Program tata nei mō te pānga o te pūngao RF i roto i ngā kiore mō te wā katoa, kāore he huarahi kē atu i te ine i ngā horopeta kua tātaitia.
He aha tō whakaaro he nui ngā āwangawanga mō te irahiko ahokore e ine tonu ai te tangata i ōna taumata i te kāinga?

Foster: He mahi uaua te kite i te mōrearea. He maha ngā wā ka āwangawanga ngā āhuatanga o te irahiko reo irirangi. Kāore e taea te kite, kāore he hononga tika i waenga i te pānga me ngā pānga rerekē e āwangawanga ana ētahi tāngata, ka whakapoauau te tangata i te pūngao auau reo irirangi (kore-whakakotahi, ko te tikanga he ngoikore rawa ōna photon ki te wawahi i ngā hononga matū) me ngā hihi-X whakakotahi, me ētahi atu. Te irahiko (tino morearea). E whakapono ana ētahi he "tino tairongo" rātou ki te irahiko ahokore, ahakoa kāore i taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te whakaatu i tēnei tairongo i roto i ngā rangahau matapo me te whakahaere tika. E mataku ana ētahi tāngata i te maha o ngā pūihi e whakamahia ana mō ngā whakawhitiwhiti ahokore. Kei roto i ngā tuhinga pūtaiao he maha ngā pūrongo e pā ana ki te hauora o ngā kounga rerekē e taea ai e te tangata te kimi i tētahi kōrero whakamataku. E whakapono ana ētahi kaipūtaiao he raru hauora pea (ahakoa i kitea e te tari hauora he iti noa iho ō rātou āwangawanga engari i kī "me nui ake te rangahau"). Kei te haere tonu te rārangi.

He wāhi nui tā ngā aromatawai pānga ki tēnei. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te hoko i ngā pūoko RF iti te utu engari he tino tairongo, me te tirotiro i ngā tohu RF i roto i tō rātou taiao, he maha hoki. Ka "pāwhiri" ētahi o ēnei taputapu i a rātou e ine ana i ngā pāorooro auau reo irirangi mai i ngā taputapu pēnei i ngā pūwāhi urunga Wi-Fi, ā, ka tangi pērā i te kaute Geiger i roto i te tauhohenga karihi mō te ao. He whakamataku. Ka hokona hoki ētahi mita RF mō te hopu wairua, engari he tono rerekē tēnei.
I te tau kua hipa, i whakaputa te British Medical Journal i tētahi karanga kia mutu te whakatinanatanga o te 5G kia whakatauhia rā anō te haumaru o te hangarau. He aha ō whakaaro mō ēnei karanga? Ki tō whakaaro ka āwhina ēnei ki te whakamōhio i te wāhanga o te marea e āwangawanga ana mō ngā pānga hauora o te pānga RF, ka nui ake rānei te whakapoauau? Foster: Kei te kōrero koe mō tētahi tuhinga whakaaro nā [te tohunga mate urutā a John] Frank, ā, kāore au i te whakaae ki te nuinga. Ko te nuinga o ngā tari hauora kua arotake i te pūtaiao kua karanga noa kia nui ake ngā rangahau, engari kotahi te iti rawa - te poari hauora o Hōrana - kua karanga kia whakamutua te whakatinanatanga o te 5G roopu-teitei kia oti rā anō ngā rangahau haumaru. He pono ka kukume mai ēnei taunakitanga i te aro o te marea (ahakoa e whakaaro ana hoki a HCN kāore pea he āwangawanga hauora).
I roto i tana tuhinga, ka tuhituhi a Frank, "Ko ngā kaha hou o ngā rangahau taiwhanga e whakaatu ana i ngā pānga kino o te RF-EMF ki ngā [mara aukume irirangi-auau].

Koinei te raruraru: he mano tini ngā rangahau pānga koiora RF kei roto i ngā tuhinga. He rerekē ngā pito mutunga, te hiranga ki te hauora, te kounga o te rangahau me ngā taumata whakaaturanga. Ko te nuinga o rātou i kōrero i tētahi momo pānga, i ngā auau katoa me ngā taumata whakaaturanga katoa. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ngā rangahau he nui te mōrearea o te whakaaro kino (te kore e ranea te ine ine, te kore e matapo, te rahi tauira iti, me ētahi atu) ā, he maha ngā rangahau kāore i te ōrite ki ētahi atu. "Kāore e tino mārama ngā kaha rangahau hou" mō ēnei tuhinga ngaro. Me whakawhirinaki a Frank ki te tirotiro tata atu mai i ngā tari hauora. Kāore i kitea e ēnei he taunakitanga mārama mō ngā pānga kino o ngā mara RF taiao.
I amuamu a Frank mō te koretake o te kōrero tūmatanui mō te "5G" -- engari i hē anō ia mā te kore whakahua i ngā roopu auau i te wā e kōrero ana mō te 5G. Inaa, ka mahi te 5G roopu-iti me te roopu-waenga i ngā auau e tata ana ki ngā roopu pūtau o nāianei, ā, te āhua nei kāore e puta he take hou mō te pānga. Ka mahi te 5G roopu-teitei i ngā auau i raro iho i te awhe mmWave, mai i te 30 GHz. He iti noa ngā rangahau kua mahia mō ngā pānga koiora i roto i tēnei awhe auau, engari he iti noa te kaha e uru ki te kiri, ā, kāore ngā tari hauora i whakaara ake i ngā āwangawanga mō tōna haumaru i ngā taumata pānga noa.
Kāore a Frank i whakahua i te rangahau e hiahia ana ia ki te mahi i mua i te whakatinanatanga o te "5G," ahakoa tana tikanga. E hiahiatia ana e te [FCC] kia piri ngā kaipupuri raihana ki ōna herenga pānga, he rite ki ērā o te nuinga o ngā whenua kē atu. Kāore he tauira mō tētahi hangarau RF hou kia aromatawaihia tika mō ngā pānga hauora RF i mua i te whakaaetanga, e hiahia ana pea he raupapa rangahau mutunga kore. Mena kāore ngā herenga FCC i te haumaru, me whakarerekē.

Mō tētahi arotake taipitopito mō ngā pānga koiora o te 5G, tirohia te tuhinga a [Ken] Karipidis, i kitea ai "kāore he taunakitanga whakamutunga e kī ana ko ngā mara RF taumata-iti i runga ake i te 6 GHz, pērā i ērā e whakamahia ana e ngā whatunga 5G, he kino ki te hauora o te tangata. I karangahia hoki e te arotake kia nui ake ngā rangahau."
He rerekē ngā tuhinga pūtaiao, engari tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, kāore anō kia kitea e ngā tari hauora he taunakitanga mārama mō ngā tūponotanga hauora mai i ngā mara RF taiao. Engari kia tino mārama, he iti noa ngā tuhinga pūtaiao mō ngā pānga koiora mmWave, tata ki te 100 ngā rangahau, ā, he rerekē te kounga.
He nui te moni e whiwhihia ana e te kāwanatanga mā te hoko i te whānuitanga o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero 5G, ā, me whakangao tetahi wāhanga o taua moni ki ngā rangahau hauora kounga teitei, inā koa ko te 5G whānuitanga teitei. Ki ahau nei, he nui ake taku āwangawanga mō te pānga pea o te roa rawa o te wā e noho ana i runga i te mata ki te whanaketanga o te tamaiti me ngā take tūmataiti.
He tikanga pai ake mō te mahi ine ine? Mena koinā, he aha ngā tauira tino whakamere, tino whai hua rānei?

Foster: Ko te whanaketanga matua pea ko te ine ine ine i roto i te rorohiko me te whakaurunga o ngā tikanga rohe wā rerekētanga mutunga kore (FDTD) me ngā tauira tau o te tinana i runga i ngā whakaahua hauora taumira teitei. Mā tēnei ka taea te tatau tika i te mimiti o te pūngao RF e te tinana mai i tētahi pūtake. Nā te ine ine ine ine ine i homai he oranga hou ki ngā maimoatanga hauora kua whakapumautia, pērā i te hyperthermia e whakamahia ana hei rongoā i te mate pukupuku, ā, kua arahina ki te whanaketanga o ngā pūnaha whakaahua MRI kua whakapaitia me te maha atu o ngā hangarau hauora.
He ētita hoa a Michael Koziol i IEEE Spectrum, e kapi ana i ngā wāhanga katoa o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. He tauira ia nō Te Whare Wānanga o Seattle me te tohu BA i te reo Ingarihi me te Ahupūngao, me te tohu MA i te pūtaiao pāpāho mai i Te Whare Wānanga o New York.
I te tau 1992, i riro i a Asad M. Madni te urungi o BEI Sensors and Controls, e tirotiro ana i tētahi raina hua kei roto ko ngā momo pūoko me ngā taputapu whakatere inertial, engari he iti ake te turanga kiritaki—ko te nuinga ko ngā ahumahi hiko rererangi me te ārai.

I mutu te Pakanga Matao, ā, i hinga te umanga ārai o Amerika. Ā, e kore e ora ake ngā pakihi i roto i ngā wā e tata mai nei. Me tere te kimi me te kukume mai a BEI i ngā kiritaki hou.
Ko te whiwhi i ēnei kiritaki me whakarērea ngā pūnaha pūoko ā-mīhini a te kamupene, ka whakamahia te hangarau kuata hou kāore anō kia whakamātauhia, te whakaiti i ngā pūoko kuata, me te huri i tētahi kaihanga e hanga ana i ngā tekau mano o ngā pūoko utu nui ia tau ki te hanga miriona miriona iti ake te utu.
I kaha te mahi a Madni kia tutuki ai tēnei, ā, i nui atu te angitu i taea e te tangata te whakaaro mō te GyroChip. Ko tēnei pūoko ine inertia iti te utu te tuatahi o tōna momo kua whakauruhia ki roto i te motuka, e āhei ai ngā pūnaha whakahaere pumau hiko (ESC) ki te kite i te paheke me te whakahaere i ngā pērai hei ārai i te takahuri. Nā te mea i tāutahia ngā ESC ki roto i ngā motuka hou katoa i roto i te wā e rima tau mai i te tau 2011 ki te 2015, i whakaorangia e ēnei pūnaha te 7,000 oranga i te United States anake, e ai ki te National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Kei te noho tonu ngā taputapu nei hei kaupapa matua mō te tini o ngā waka rererangi arumoni me ngā waka rererangi tūmataiti, tae atu ki ngā pūnaha whakahaere pumau mō ngā pūnaha arataki pere o Amerika. I haere anō hoki ki Māterangi hei wāhanga o te rover Pathfinder Sojourner.
Tūranga o nāianei: Ahorangi Tuarua Whakahirahira i UCLA; Perehitini kua reti, Tumu Whakahaere Matua me te CTO o BEI Technologies

Mātauranga: 1968, RCA College; BS, 1969 me 1972, MS, UCLA, e rua i roto i te Hangarau Hiko; Ph.D., California Coast University, 1987
Ngā Toa: I te nuinga o te wā, i ako mai tōku pāpā ki te ako, ki te noho hei tangata, me te tikanga o te aroha, te atawhai, me te ngākau aroha; i roto i te toi, ko Michelangelo; i roto i te pūtaiao, ko Albert Einstein; i roto i te hangarau. I roto i a Claude Shannon
Ngā waiata tino pai: Ngā waiata o te Hauāuru, ngā Beatles, ngā Rolling Stones, ngā Elvis; Ngā waiata o te Rawhiti, ngā Ghazal
Ngā mema o te whakahaere: IEEE Life Fellow; US National Academy of Engineering; UK Royal Academy of Engineering; Canadian Academy of Engineering
Te tohu tino whai tikanga: IEEE Medal of Honor: "Ngā takoha paionia ki te whanaketanga me te hokohoko o ngā hangarau pūoko me ngā pūnaha auaha, me te kaiārahi rangahau tino pai"; UCLA Alumni o te Tau 2004
I whakawhiwhia a Madni ki te IEEE Medal of Honor 2022 mō tana mahi matua ki te GyroChip, me ētahi atu takoha ki te whanaketanga hangarau me te kaiārahi rangahau.
Ehara i te mahi hangarau te mahi tuatahi a Madni. I hiahia ia kia noho hei kaitoi-peita pai. Engari ko te āhua pūtea o tōna whānau i Mumbai, Īnia (i taua wā ko Mumbai) i ngā tau 1950 me 1960 i huri ai ia ki te hangarau—ina koa ko te hikohiko, nā tōna hiahia ki ngā auahatanga hou kua whakauruhia ki roto i ngā reo irirangi transistor pukoro. I te tau 1966, ka neke ia ki te Hononga o Amerika ki te ako hikohiko i te Kāreti RCA i te Tāone o Niu Ioka, i hangaia i ngā tau tōmua o te tau 1900 hei whakangungu i ngā kaiwhakahaere me ngā tohunga hangarau ahokore.
"E hiahia ana ahau kia noho hei miihini e taea ai te tito mea," te kī a Madeney, "me te mahi i ngā mea ka pā ki te tangata. Nā te mea ki te kore e taea e au te pā ki te tangata, ki taku whakaaro kāore taku mahi e tutuki."

I uru atu a Madni ki UCLA i te tau 1969 me te tohu paetahi i roto i te miihini hiko i muri i ngā tau e rua i roto i te kaupapa Hangarau Hikohiko i te Kāreti o RCA. I whai tonu ia i te tohu paerua me te tohu tākuta, mā te whakamahi i te tukatuka tohu mamati me te whakaata rohe auau hei tātari i ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō tana rangahau tuhinga. I a ia e ako ana, i mahi anō ia hei kaiako i te Whare Wānanga o Pacific State, i mahi i roto i te whakahaere rawa i te kaihokohoko o Beverly Hills, a David Orgell, ā, hei miihini e hoahoa ana i ngā taputapu rorohiko i Pertec.
Kātahi anō ka tae ki te tau 1975, i te mea he mea hou tonu tana taumau, nā te tohe a tētahi o ōna hoa akomanga o mua, ka tono ia mō tētahi mahi i te tari ngaruiti a Systron Donner.
I tīmata a Madni ki te hoahoa i te mīhini tātari hihi tuatahi o te ao me te rokiroki mamati i Systron Donner. Kāore anō ia kia whakamahi i tētahi mīhini tātari hihi i mua—he tino utu nui i taua wā—engari i tino mōhio ia ki te ariā kia whakatenatena i a ia ki te tango i te mahi. I muri mai ka pau i a ia te ono marama ki te whakamātautau, me te whiwhi wheako ā-ringa ki te taputapu i mua i te ngana ki te hanga anō.
E rua tau te roa o te kaupapa, ā, e ai ki a Madni, e toru ngā mana pateni nui i puta mai, ā, koinei te tīmatanga o tana "piki ki ngā mea nui ake, pai ake." I ako hoki ia i te māramatanga ki te rerekētanga i waenga i "te tikanga o te whai mātauranga ariā me te hokohoko i te hangarau hei āwhina i ētahi atu," tana kī.

Ka taea hoki e mātou te whakarite i ngā wāhanga rf passive kia rite ki ō hiahia. Ka taea e koe te tomo ki te whārangi whakaritenga hei whakarato i ngā whakatakotoranga e hiahiatia ana e koe.
https://www.keenlion.com/customizer/

Īmāri:
sales@keenlion.com
tom@keenlion.com