Ngā mihi nui ki a koe mō tō toro mai ki Nature.com. He iti noa te tautoko a te putanga pūtirotiro e whakamahia ana e koe mō te CSS. Mō te wheako pai rawa atu, ka tūtohu mātou kia whakamahia e koe he pūtirotiro kua whakahoutia (kia whakawetohia rānei te aratau hototahi i roto i te Internet Explorer). I taua wā, kia mau tonu ai te tautoko, ka whakaatuhia e mātou te pae me te kore he momo kāhua me te JavaScript.
Ko te piki haere tonu o te hiahia mō te whakawhitiwhiti waea pūkoro kua arahi ki te putanga tonu mai o ngā hangarau ahokore (G), e rerekē ana pea ngā pānga ki ngā pūnaha koiora. Hei whakamātautau i tēnei, i tukuna e mātou ngā kiore ki te whakaaturanga kotahi-upoko ki te whanaketanga roa (LTE) 4G -1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) mō ngā haora e 2. I muri mai ka aromatawaihia e mātou te pānga o te neuroinflammation acute i puta mai i te lipopolysaccharide ki te kapinga ā-wāhi microglia me te mahi neuronal electrophysiological i roto i te cortex auditory tuatahi (ACx). Ko te SAR toharite i roto i te ACx he 0.5 W/kg. E whakaatu ana ngā rekoata maha-wae ka whakaoho te LTE-EMF i te whakaiti i te kaha o te urupare ki ngā oro parakore me ngā reo ā-taiao, me te pikinga o te paepae oro mō ngā auau iti me te waenga-awhe. Kāore he huringa i whakaatuhia e te immunohistochemistry Iba1 i roto i te rohe e hipokina ana e ngā tinana me ngā tukanga microglial. I roto i ngā kiore hauora, kāore te whakaaturanga LTE kotahi i puta ai ngā huringa i roto i te kaha o te urupare me ngā paepae oro. E whakaatu ana ā mātou raraunga ka whakaoho te neuroinflammation acute i ngā neurons ki te LTE-EMF, ka hua ake he tukatuka whakarerekētanga o ngā whakaoho oro i roto i ACx.
Kua tino rerekē te taiao hikohiko o te tangata i roto i ngā tekau tau e toru kua pahure ake nei nā te whānui haere tonu o ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ahokore. I tēnei wā, neke atu i te rua hautoru o te taupori e kiia ana he kaiwhakamahi waea pūkoro (MP). Nā te horapa nui o tēnei hangarau kua puta ai ngā āwangawanga me ngā tautohetohe mō ngā pānga kino pea o ngā mara hikohiko pāorooro (EMF) i roto i te whānuitanga auau reo irirangi (RF), e tukuna ana e ngā MP, e ngā teihana turanga rānei, ā, e whakakōwae ana i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Nā tēnei take hauora tūmatanui i whakaoho ake ai i ētahi rangahau whakamātautau e aro ana ki te tirotiro i ngā pānga o te mimiti auau reo irirangi i roto i ngā kiko koiora1. Ko ētahi o ēnei rangahau kua rapu i ngā huringa i roto i te mahi whatunga neuronal me ngā tukanga hinengaro, i te mea e tata ana te roro ki ngā pūtake RF i raro i te whakamahinga whānui o te MP. He maha ngā rangahau kua pūrongohia e aro ana ki ngā pānga o ngā tohu whakarerekētanga pāorooro e whakamahia ana i roto i te pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūkoro o te whakatupuranga tuarua (2G) o te ao (GSM) me te urunga maha o te waehere whānui (WCDMA)/ngā pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pūkoro o te whakatupuranga tuatoru (WCDMA/3G UMTS)2 ,3,4,5. He iti noa te mōhiotanga mō ngā pānga o ngā tohu auau reo irirangi e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ratonga pūkoro o te whakatupuranga tuawhā (4G), e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi Kawa Ipurangi mamati katoa. hangarau e kiia nei ko te hangarau Long Term Evolution (LTE). I whakarewahia i te tau 2011, e matapaetia ana ka eke te ratonga waea pūkoro LTE ki te 6.6 piriona ohauru LTE o te ao i te marama o Hanuere 2022 (GSMA: //gsacom.com). Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā pūnaha GSM (2G) me WCDMA (3G) e hangai ana ki ngā kaupapa whakarerekētanga kawe-kotahi, ka whakamahia e te LTE te Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) hei whakatakotoranga tohu taketake. I te ao katoa, ka whakamahia e ngā ratonga pūkoro LTE he whānuitanga o ngā roopu auau rerekē i waenga i te 450 me te 3700 MHz, tae atu ki ngā roopu 900 me te 1800 MHz e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te GSM.
Ko te kaha o te pānga o te RF ki te pā ki ngā tukanga koiora ka whakatauhia nuitia e te tere mimiti motuhake (SAR) e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te W/kg, e ine ana i te kaha e mimitihia ana i roto i te kiko koiora. Ko ngā pānga o te pānga ohorere o te upoko 30-meneti ki ngā tohu LTE 2.573 GHz ki te mahi whatunga neuronal o te ao i tūhuratia tata nei i roto i ngā tūao tangata hauora. Mā te whakamahi i te fMRI o te āhua okiokinga, i kitea ko te pānga o te LTE ka taea te whakaputa i ngā rerekētanga auau puhoi ohorere me ngā huringa i roto i te hononga ā-roto, ā-rohe rānei, i te mea ko ngā taumata SAR tihi ā-wāhi i toharitehia i runga i te 10 karamu o te kiko i whakatauhia kia rerekē i waenga i te 0.42 me te 1.52 W/kg, e ai ki ngā kaupapa 7, 8, 9. Ko te tātari EEG i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakaaturanga rite (te roanga 30 meneti, te taumata SAR tihi i whakatauhia he 1.34 W/kg mā te whakamahi i te tauira upoko tangata) i whakaatu i te hekenga o te mana spectral me te hononga hemispheric i roto i ngā roopu alpha me beta. Heoi, e rua atu rangahau i runga i te tātari EEG i kitea ko te 20, 30 meneti rānei o te pānga o te upoko LTE, me ngā taumata SAR rohe mōrahi i whakatakotoria ki te 2 W/kg, kāore he pānga kitea11, kāore rānei i heke te mana o te hihi i roto i te roopu alpha, engari kāore te hinengaro i rerekē i roto i te mahi i aromatawaitia ki te whakamātautau Stroop12. I kitea anō hoki ngā rerekētanga nui i roto i ngā hua o te EEG, o ngā rangahau hinengaro rānei e titiro ana ki ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga EMF GSM, UMTS rānei. E whakaarohia ana ka puta mai ēnei i ngā rerekētanga o te hoahoa tikanga me ngā tawhā whakamātautau, tae atu ki te momo tohu me te whakarerekētanga, te kaha me te roa o te whakaaturanga, i te rerekētanga rānei i roto i ngā kaupapa tangata e pā ana ki te tau, te hanganga tinana, te ira tangata rānei.
Tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, he iti noa ngā rangahau kararehe kua whakamahia hei whakatau i te pānga o te pānga ki te tohu LTE ki te mahi a te roro. Nō nā tata nei i pūrongohia ko te pānga ā-tinana o ngā kiore e tipu haere ana mai i te wāhanga mutunga o te kukunetanga ki te whakamutu i te kai (30 meneti/rā, 5 rā/wiki, me te toharite SAR tinana katoa o te 0.5, 1 W/kg rānei) i hua ake ai he whakarerekētanga o ngā whanonga nekeneke me te hiahia kai i te pakeketanga 14. Ko te pānga ā-tinana anō (2 heketea ia rā mō ngā wiki 6) i roto i ngā kiore pakeke i kitea ka puta te ahotea waikura me te whakaiti i te kaha o ngā pūmanawa tirohanga i puta mai i te io whatu, me te SAR mōrahi e kiia ana he iti iho i te 10 mW/kg15.
Haunga te tātari i ngā tauine maha, tae atu ki ngā taumata pūtau me ngā taumata ngota, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tauira kiore hei ako i ngā pānga o te pānga RF i te wā o te mate, pērā i te arotahi o mua ki te GSM, WCDMA/3G UMTS EMF rānei i roto i te horopaki o te mumura roro whakapeka. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ngā pānga o ngā hopukanga, ngā mate neurodegenerative, ngā glioma rānei 16,17,18,19,20.
Ko ngā kiore i werohia ki te Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) he tauira tawhito o ngā urupare neuroinflammatory whakapeka e pā ana ki ngā mate pāwera pai i puta mai i ngā huaketo, i ngā huakita rānei e pā ana ki te nuinga o te taupori i ia tau. Ko tēnei āhua mumura ka arahi ki tētahi mate whakamuri me te mate whanonga pouri e tohuhia ana e te kirika, te ngaronga o te hiahia kai, me te whakaiti i te taunekeneke pāpori. Ko ngā phagocytes CNS noho pērā i te microglia ngā pūtau whai pānga matua o tēnei urupare neuroinflammatory. Ko te maimoatanga o ngā kiore ki te LPS ka whakaoho i te whakahohenga o ngā microglia e tohuhia ana e te whakahou i ō rātou āhua me ngā tukanga pūtau me ngā huringa nui i roto i te kōtaha transcriptome, tae atu ki te whakanui ake i ngā ira e whakamārama ana i ngā cytokines pro-inflammatory, ngā whākōkī rānei, e pā ana ki ngā whatunga neuronal Ngā Mahi 22, 23, 24.
I roto i te ako i ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga kotahi o te upoko e rua hāora ki te GSM-1800 MHz EMF i roto i ngā kiore i rongoatia ki te LPS, i kitea e mātou ko te tohu GSM ka whakaoho i ngā urupare pūtau i roto i te cortex roro, ka pā ki te whakaaturanga ira, te phosphorylation o te kaiwhiwhi glutamate, te pupuhi neuronal Meta-evoked me te morphology o te microglia i roto i te cortex roro. Kāore i kitea ēnei pānga i roto i ngā kiore hauora i whiwhi i te whakaaturanga GSM ōrite, e kī ana ko te āhua neuroinflammatory i whakaohohia e te LPS ka whakaoho i ngā pūtau CNS ki te tohu GSM. I te arotahi ki te cortex auditory (ACx) o ngā kiore i rongoatia ki te LPS, i reira ko te SAR ā-rohe he 1.55 W/kg te toharite, i kite mātou ko te whakaaturanga GSM i hua ake ai te pikinga o te roa, te peka rānei o ngā tukanga microglial me te hekenga o ngā urupare neuronal i whakaohohia e ngā oro parakore me te .Whakaoho Taiao 28.
I roto i te rangahau o nāianei, ko tā mātou whāinga he tirotiro mēnā ka taea e te whakaaturanga o te upoko anake ki ngā tohu LTE-1800 MHz te whakarerekē i te āhua o te microglial me te mahi neuronal i roto i te ACx, ka whakaiti i te kaha o te whakaaturanga mā te rua-hautoru. E whakaatu ana mātou i konei kāore he pānga o te tohu LTE ki ngā tukanga microglial engari i whakaoho tonu i te whakahekenga nui o te mahi cortical i puta mai i te oro i roto i te ACx o ngā kiore i rongoatia ki te LPS me te uara SAR o te 0.5 W/kg.
I runga i ngā taunakitanga o mua i whakarerekētia te āhua o te microglial i raro i ngā āhuatanga mumura-whakatairanga i te pānga ki te GSM-1800 MHz, i tirotirohia e mātou tēnei pānga i muri i te pānga ki te tohu LTE.
I werohia ngā kiore pakeke ki te LPS 24 hāora i mua i te whakaaturanga rūpahu o te pane, i te whakaaturanga rānei ki te LTE-1800 MHz. I te whakaaturanga, i whakatūria ngā urupare neuroinflammatory i whakaohohia e te LPS i roto i te cortex roro, e whakaaturia ana e te pikinga ake o ngā ira proinflammatory me ngā huringa i roto i te āhua o te microglia cortical (Pikitia 1). Ko te mana i whakaatuhia e te pane LTE i whakatakotoria kia whiwhi i te taumata SAR toharite o te 0.5 W/kg i roto i te ACx (Pikitia 2). Hei whakatau mena ka aro atu ngā microglia whakahohehia e te LPS ki te LTE EMF, i tātarihia e mātou ngā wāhanga cortical i pania ki te anti-Iba1 i tohua motuhaketia ēnei pūtau. E whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 3a, i roto i ngā wāhanga ACx i whakaritea 3 ki te 4 hāora i muri i te whakaaturanga rūpahu, LTE rānei, he tino rite te āhua o ngā microglia, e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te pūtau "rite kikī" i puta mai i te maimoatanga pro-inflammatory LPS (Pikitia 1). E rite ana ki te kore o ngā urupare morphological, i whakaatuhia e te tātari whakaahua tauanga kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te horahanga katoa (whakamātautau-t kore takirua, p = 0.308) te horahanga rānei (p = 0.196) me te kiato (p = 0.061) o te uruparenga ārai mate Iba1 ina whakatauritea te pānga ki ngā tinana pūtau kua pania ki te Iba 1 i roto i ngā kiore LTE me ngā kararehe kua whakaataa ki te rūpahu (Pikitia 3b-d).
Ngā pānga o te werohanga LPS ip ki te āhua o te microglia cortical. Tirohanga māngai o te microglia i roto i te wāhanga koronal o te cortex roro (rohe dorsomedial) 24 hāora i muri i te werohanga intraperitoneal o te LPS, te waka rānei (mana whakahaere). I pania ngā pūtau ki te paturopi anti-Iba1 e ai ki te whakaahuatanga o mua. Nā te maimoatanga pro-inflammatory LPS i hua ake ai ngā huringa o te āhua o te microglia, tae atu ki te matotoru proximal me te pikinga o ngā peka tuarua poto o ngā tukanga pūtau, ka hua ake he āhua "kiato". Pae tauine: 20 µm.
Te tātaritanga inenga o te tere mimiti motuhake (SAR) i roto i te roro kiore i te wā e pāngia ana e te 1800 MHz LTE. I whakamahia he tauira rerekē kua whakaahuatia i mua o te kiore wairua me te pūihi porowhita62 hei aromatawai i te SAR ā-rohe i roto i te roro, me te whatunga pūtoru 0.5 mm3.(a) Tirohanga ā-ao o te tauira kiore i roto i te tautuhinga whakaaturanga me te pūihi porowhita i runga ake i te upoko me te papa wera whakarewa (kōwhai) i raro i te tinana.(b) Te tohatoha o ngā uara SAR i roto i te roro pakeke i te whakataunga ā-wāhi 0.5 mm3. Ko te rohe e wehea ana e te āhua pango i roto i te wāhanga sagittal e rite ana ki te cortex whakarongo tuatahi kei reira te tātaritanga o te mahi microglial me te neuronal. Ko te tauine tae-waehere o ngā uara SAR e pā ana ki ngā whakatauira tau katoa e whakaaturia ana i roto i te ahua.
Ngā microglia i werohia ki te LPS i roto i te cortex taringa kiore whai muri i te whakaaturanga LTE, Sham rānei.(a) Tirohanga whakarārangi o ngā microglia kua pania ki te paturopi anti-Iba1 i roto i ngā wāhanga korona o te cortex taringa kiore kua pania ki te LPS 3 ki te 4 hāora i muri i te whakaaturanga Sham, LTE rānei (whakaatu). Pae tauine: 20 µm.(bd) Aromatawai morphometric o ngā microglia 3 ki te 4 hāora i muri i te sham (ngā ira tuwhera) te whakaaturanga LTE rānei (whakaatu, ngā ira pango).(b, c) Kapinga ā-wāhi (b) o te tohu microglia Iba1 me ngā wāhi o ngā tinana pūtau Iba1-pai (c). Ko ngā raraunga e whakaatu ana i te rohe paninga anti-Iba1 kua whakatauritea ki te toharite mai i ngā kararehe i whakaaturia ki te Sham.(d) Te maha o ngā tinana pūtau microglia kua pania ki te anti-Iba1. Kāore i te nui ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kararehe Sham (n = 5) me LTE (n = 6) (p > 0.05, whakamātautau-t kore takirua). Ko te tihi me te raro o te pouaka, ko ngā rārangi o runga me raro e tohu ana i te ōrau 25-75. me te ōrau 5-95, ia. Kua tohua te uara toharite ki te whero i roto i te pouaka.
E whakarāpopoto ana te Ripanga 1 i te maha o ngā kararehe me ngā rekoata maha-wāhanga i whiwhihia i roto i te cortex rongo tuatahi o ngā rōpū kiore e whā (Sham, Exposed, Sham-LPS, Exposed-LPS). I roto i ngā hua i raro nei, ka whakaurua e mātou ngā rekoata katoa e whakaatu ana i te mara arotau wā spectral nui (STRF), arā, ngā urupare oro-whakaoho he iti rawa te 6 ngā paerewa rerekētanga teitei ake i ngā reiti pupuhi tūpono (tirohia te Ripanga 1). Mā te whakamahi i tēnei paearu, i tīpakohia e mātou he 266 ngā rekoata mō te rōpū Sham, he 273 ngā rekoata mō te rōpū Exposed, he 299 ngā rekoata mō te rōpū Sham-LPS, me te 295 ngā rekoata mō te rōpū Exposed-LPS.
I ngā pararāfu e whai ake nei, ka whakaahuahia tuatahitia e mātou ngā tawhā i tangohia mai i te mara arotau ā-wā-ā-ira (arā, te urupare ki ngā oro parakore) me te urupare ki ngā reo motuhake xenogeneic. Kātahi ka whakaahuahia e mātou te ine i te rohe urupare auau i whiwhihia mō ia rōpū. I runga i te whakaaro ki te aroaro o ngā "raraunga kōpae"30 i roto i tā mātou hoahoa whakamātautau, i mahia ngā tātaritanga tatauranga katoa i runga i te maha o ngā tūranga i roto i te rarangi hiko (te rarangi whakamutunga i roto i te Ripanga 1), engari ko ngā pānga katoa i whakaahuahia i raro nei i runga anō i te maha o ngā tūranga i roto i ia rōpū. Te tapeke o ngā rekoata maha-wāhanga i kohia (te rarangi tuatoru i roto i te Ripanga 1).
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4a i te tohatoha auau tino pai (BF, e whakaputa ana i te urupare mōrahi i te 75 dB SPL) o ngā neuron cortical i whiwhihia i roto i te Sham i rongoatia ki te LPS me ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia. I whakaroahia te whānuitanga auau o te BF i ngā rōpū e rua mai i te 1 kHz ki te 36 kHz. I whakaatuhia e te tātari tatauranga he rite tonu ēnei tohatoha (chi-square, p = 0.278), e kī ana ka taea te whakarite i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua me te kore he whakaaro tauira.
Ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki ngā tawhā ine o ngā urupare cortical i roto i ngā kararehe i rongoatia ki te LPS.(a) Te tohatoha BF i roto i ngā neuron cortical o ngā kararehe i rongoatia ki te LPS i whakaatuhia ki te LTE (mangu) me te whakaaturanga rūpahu ki te LTE (mā).Kāore he rerekētanga i waenga i ngā tohatoha e rua.(bf) Te pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki ngā tawhā e ine ana i te mara arotau wā spectral (STRF).I tino heke te kaha o te urupare (*p < 0.05, whakamātautau-t kore takirua) puta noa i te STRF (kaha urupare katoa) me ngā auau tino pai (b,c).Te roa o te urupare, te whānui o te urupare, me te pūmau whānui (df).I whakaitihia te kaha me te pono o te wā o ngā urupare ki ngā reo (g, h).Kāore i tino heke te ngohe tūpono (i).(*p < 0.05, whakamātautau-t kore takirua).(j,k) Ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki ngā paepae cortical.He nui ake ngā paepae toharite i roto i ngā kiore i whakaatuhia ki te LTE ki te whakataurite ki ngā kiore i whakaatuhia ki te rūpahu.He nui ake te kitea o tēnei pānga i roto i ngā auau iti me waenga.
E whakaatu ana ngā Pikitia 4b-f i te tohatoha o ngā tawhā i ahu mai i te STRF mō ēnei kararehe (ngā toharite e tohuhia ana e ngā rārangi whero). Ko ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki ngā kararehe i rongoatia ki te LPS i te āhua nei he tohu i te hekenga o te whakaohooho io. Tuatahi, he iti ake te kaha o te urupare me ngā urupare whānui i roto i te BF ki te whakataurite ki ngā kararehe Sham-LPS (Pikitia 4b,c whakamātautau-t kore takirua, p = 0.0017; me te p = 0.0445). Waihoki, i heke ngā urupare ki ngā oro whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i te kaha urupare me te pono i waenga i ngā whakamātautau (Pikitia 4g,h; whakamātautau-t kore takirua, p = 0.043). I whakaitihia te ngohe tūpono, engari kāore i te nui tēnei pānga (Pikitia 4i; p = 0.0745). Kāore i pāngia te roa o te urupare, te whānui o te whakatikatika, me te roa o te urupare e te whakaaturanga LTE i roto i ngā kararehe i rongoatia ki te LPS (Pikitia 4d–f), e tohu ana kāore i pāngia te whiriwhiri auau me te tika o ngā urupare tīmatanga e te whakaaturanga LTE i roto i ngā kararehe i rongoatia ki te LPS.
I arotakehia e mātou i muri mai mēnā i whakarerekētia ngā paepae cortical oro parakore e te whakaaturanga LTE. Mai i te rohe urupare auau (FRA) i whiwhihia mai i ia rekoata, i whakatauhia e mātou ngā paepae whakarongo mō ia auau, ā, i toharitehia ēnei paepae mō ngā rōpū kararehe e rua. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 4j i ngā paepae toharite (± sem) mai i te 1.1 ki te 36 kHz i roto i ngā kiore i rongoatia ki te LPS. Mā te whakataurite i ngā paepae whakarongo o ngā rōpū Sham me Exposed i whakaatu i te pikinga nui o ngā paepae i roto i ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia ki te whakataurite ki ngā kararehe Sham (Pikitia 4j), he pānga i kitea nuitia i roto i ngā auau iti me te waenga. He tika ake, i ngā auau iti (< 2.25 kHz), i piki ake te ōwehenga o ngā neuron A1 me te paepae teitei, i te mea i heke te ōwehenga o ngā neuron paepae iti me te waenga (chi-square = 43.85; p < 0.0001; Pikitia 4k, Pikitia maui). I kitea anō te pānga ōrite i te auau-waenga (2.25 < Freq(kHz) < 11): he nui ake te ōwehenga o ngā rekoata cortical me ngā paepae waenga me te iti ake o te ōwehenga o ngā neurons me ngā paepae iti ki te whakataurite ki te rōpū kāore i te whakaatuhia (Chi - Square = 71.17; p < 0.001; Pikitia 4k, te papa waenga). He rerekētanga nui anō hoki i te paepae mō ngā neurons auau-teitei (≥ 11 kHz, p = 0.0059); i heke te ōwehenga o ngā neurons paepae-iti, ā, i piki ake te ōwehenga o te paepae waenga-teitei (chi-square = 10.853; p = 0.04 Pikitia 4k, te papa matau).
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 5a i te tohatoha auau tino pai (BF, e whakaputa ana i te urupare mōrahi i te 75 dB SPL) o ngā neuron cortical i whiwhihia i roto i ngā kararehe hauora mō ngā rōpū Sham me Exposed. I whakaatuhia e te tātari tatauranga he rite ngā tohatoha e rua (chi-square, p = 0.157), e kī ana ka taea te whakarite i waenga i ngā rōpū e rua me te kore he whakaaro tauira.
Ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki ngā tawhā ine o ngā urupare cortical i roto i ngā kararehe hauora.(a) Te tohatoha BF i roto i ngā neuron cortical o ngā kararehe hauora i whakaatuhia ki te LTE (kikorangi pouri) me te whakaaturanga sham ki te LTE (kikorangi mārama).Kāore he rerekētanga i waenga i ngā tohatoha e rua.(bf) Te pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki ngā tawhā e ine ana i te mara arotau wā spectral (STRF).Kāore he huringa nui i roto i te kaha o te urupare puta noa i te STRF me ngā auau tino pai (b,c).He pikinga iti i roto i te roanga o te urupare (d), engari kāore he huringa i roto i te whānui o te urupare me te whānui (e, f).Kāore te kaha me te pono o te wā o ngā urupare ki ngā reo i rerekē (g, h).Kāore he huringa nui i roto i te ngohe tūpono (i).(*p < 0.05 whakamātautau-t kore takirua).(j,k) Ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki ngā paepae cortical.I te toharite, kāore i tino rerekē ngā paepae i roto i ngā kiore i whakaatuhia ki te LTE ki te whakataurite ki ngā kiore i whakaatuhia ki te Sham, engari he iti ake ngā paepae auau teitei ake i roto i ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia.
E whakaatu ana ngā Pikitia 5b-f i ngā kauwhata pouaka e tohu ana i te tohatoha me te toharite (rārangi whero) o ngā tawhā i ahu mai i ngā huinga e rua o ngā STRF. I roto i ngā kararehe hauora, he iti noa te pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki te uara toharite o ngā tawhā STRF. Ki te whakatauritea ki te rōpū Sham (ngā pouaka mārama vs kikorangi pouri mō te rōpū i whakaatuhia), kāore te whakaaturanga LTE i whakarerekē i te kaha katoa o te urupare me te urupare a BF (Pikitia 5b,c; whakamātautau-t kore takirua, p = 0.2176, me te p = 0.8696). Kāore hoki he pānga ki te whānui o te whānuitanga me te whakaroa (p = 0.6764 me te p = 0.7129, ia), engari he pikinga nui o te roa o te urupare (p = 0.047). Kāore hoki he pānga ki te kaha o ngā urupare reo (Pikitia 5g, p = 0.4375), te pono o ēnei urupare i waenga i ngā whakamātautau (Pikitia 5h, p = 0.3412), me te ngohe tūpono (Pikitia 5).5i; p = 0.3256).
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 5j i ngā paepae toharite (± sem) mai i te 1.1 ki te 36 kHz i roto i ngā kiore hauora. Kāore i whakaatuhia he rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā kiore rūpahu me ngā kiore kua whakamātauhia, engari he iti ake te paepae i roto i ngā kararehe kua whakamātauhia i ngā auau teitei (11–36 kHz) (whakamātautau-t kāore i te takirua, p = 0.0083). E whakaata ana tēnei pānga i te meka i roto i ngā kararehe kua whakamātauhia, i roto i tēnei awhe auau (chi-square = 18.312, p = 0.001; Pikitia 5k), he nui ake ngā neuron me ngā paepae iti me te waenga (i te mea he iti ake ngā neuron i ngā paepae teitei).
Hei whakamutunga, i te wā i pāngia ai ngā kararehe hauora ki te LTE, kāore he pānga ki te kaha o te urupare ki ngā oro parakore me ngā oro uaua pēnei i te reo. I tua atu, i roto i ngā kararehe hauora, he rite tonu ngā paepae whakarongo cortical i waenga i ngā kararehe i pāngia me ngā kararehe rūpahu, engari i roto i ngā kararehe i rongoatia ki te LPS, i hua ake te pikinga nui o ngā paepae cortical i te pānga o te LTE, inā koa i te awhe auau iti me te waenga.
I whakaatuhia e tā mātou rangahau i roto i ngā kiore tāne pakeke e pāngia ana e te mumura roro ohorere, ko te pānga ki te LTE-1800 MHz me te SARACx ā-rohe o te 0.5 W/kg (tirohia ngā Tikanga) i hua ake ai he whakahekenga nui i te kaha o ngā urupare i puta mai i te oro i roto i ngā rekoata tuatahi o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I puta ēnei huringa i roto i te mahi neuronal me te kore he huringa kitea i roto i te whānuitanga o te rohe ā-wāhi e hipokina ana e ngā tukanga microglial. Kāore i kitea tēnei pānga o te LTE ki te kaha o ngā urupare i puta mai i te cortical i roto i ngā kiore hauora. I te whakaaro ki te ōritetanga o te tohatoha auau tino pai i waenga i ngā wae tuhi i roto i ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia ki te LTE me ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia ki te rūpahu, ko ngā rerekētanga o te tauhohenga neuronal ka taea te kī ko ngā pānga koiora o ngā tohu LTE kaua ki te tauira tauira (Pikitia 4a). Hei tāpiri, ko te kore o ngā huringa i roto i te latency urupare me te whānui o te whakatikatika spectral i roto i ngā kiore i whakaatuhia ki te LTE e kī ana, ko te nuinga o te wā, i tangohia ēnei rekoata mai i ngā paparanga cortical kotahi, kei roto i te ACx tuatahi kaua ki ngā rohe tuarua.
Ki tā mātou mōhio, kāore anō kia pūrongohia i mua te pānga o te tohu LTE ki ngā urupare neuronal. Heoi, kua tuhia e ngā rangahau o mua te kaha o te GSM-1800 MHz, te 1800 MHz rānei o te ngaru tonu (CW) ki te whakarerekē i te whakaohooho neuronal, ahakoa he rerekētanga nui i runga i te huarahi whakamātautau. I muri tata mai i te whakaaturanga ki te 1800 MHz CW i te taumata SAR o te 8.2 W/Kg, i whakaatuhia e ngā rekoata mai i ngā ganglia ngata he iti iho ngā paepae mō te whakaoho i ngā pūmanawa mahi me te whakarerekētanga neuronal. I tetahi atu taha, i whakaitihia te mahi spiking me te bursting i roto i ngā ahurea neuronal tuatahi i ahu mai i te roro kiore mā te whakaaturanga ki te GSM-1800 MHz, 1800 MHz CW rānei mō te 15 meneti i te SAR o te 4.6 W/kg. I taea anake te whakahuri i tēnei aukati i roto i te 30 meneti o te whakaaturanga. I tutuki te whakamōkito katoa o ngā neurons i te SAR o te 9.2 W/kg. I whakaatuhia e te tātaritanga urupare-horopeta he pai ake te GSM-1800 MHz i te 1800 MHz CW ki te pehi i te mahi burst, e kī ana ko te neuronal ka whakawhirinaki ngā urupare ki te whakarerekētanga tohu RF.
I roto i tā mātou horopaki, i kohia ngā urupare i puta mai i te cortical i roto i te tinana ora i roto i te 3 ki te 6 hāora i muri i te mutunga o te whakaaturanga upoko-anake mō te 2 hāora. I roto i tētahi rangahau o mua, i tirotirohia e mātou te pānga o te GSM-1800 MHz i te SARACx o te 1.55 W/kg, ā, kāore i kitea he pānga nui ki ngā urupare cortical i puta mai i te oro i roto i ngā kiore hauora. I konei, ko te pānga nui anake i puta mai i roto i ngā kiore hauora nā te whakaaturanga ki te LTE-1800 i te 0.5 W/kg SARACx he pikinga iti i roto i te roanga o te urupare i te whakaaturanga o ngā oro parakore. He uaua ki te whakamārama i tēnei pānga nā te mea kāore i te haere tahi me te pikinga o te kaha o te urupare, e kī ana ko tēnei roanga urupare roa ake ka puta me te maha o ngā pūmanawa mahi i tukuna e ngā neuron cortical. Ko tētahi whakamārama pea ko te whakaaturanga LTE ka whakaiti i te mahi a ētahi interneurons aukati, nā te mea kua tuhia i roto i te ACx tuatahi, ka whakahaerehia e te aukati whāngai whakamua te roanga o ngā urupare pūtau pyramidal i whakaohohia e te whakaurunga thalamic whakahihiri33,34, 35, 36, 37.
He rerekē, i roto i ngā kiore i pangia e te mumura roro i puta mai i te LPS, kāore he pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE ki te roa o te pupuhi o ngā neuron i puta mai i te oro, engari i kitea he pānga nui ki te kaha o ngā urupare i puta mai. Inaa, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā urupare neuron i tuhia i roto i ngā kiore i whakaatuhia ki te LPS, ko ngā neuron i roto i ngā kiore i rongoatia ki te LPS i whakaatuhia ki te LTE i whakaatu i te whakahekenga o te kaha o ā rātou urupare, he pānga i kitea i te wā e whakaatu ana i ngā oro parakore me ngā reo tūturu. Ko te whakahekenga o te kaha o te urupare ki ngā oro parakore i puta me te kore e whakawhāiti i te whānuitanga o te whakahāngai spectral o te 75 dB, ā, nā te mea i puta i ngā kaha oro katoa, i hua ake ai te pikinga o ngā paepae oro o ngā neuron cortical i ngā auau iti me te waenga.
Ko te whakahekenga o te kaha o te urupare whakaoho i tohu ko te pānga o te tohu LTE i te SARACx o te 0.5 W/kg i roto i ngā kararehe i rongoatia ki te LPS he rite ki te pānga o te GSM-1800 MHz i whakamahia i te toru ngā wā teitei ake o te SARACx (1.55 W/kg) 28. Mō te tohu GSM, ko te whakaaturanga o te upoko ki te LTE-1800 MHz ka whakaiti i te whakaohooho neuronal i roto i ngā neuron ACx kiore i pangia e te mumura neuroinflammation i whakaohohia e te LPS. E ai ki tēnei whakapae, i kite hoki mātou i te ia ki te hekenga o te pono o te whakamātautau o ngā urupare neuronal ki te reo (Pikitia 4h) me te hekenga o te ngohe tūpono (Pikitia 4i). Heoi, he uaua ki te whakatau i roto i te tinana ora mena ka whakaitihia e te tohu LTE te whakaohooho ā-roto neuronal, ka whakaitihia rānei te whakaurunga synaptic, ā, ka whakahaere i ngā urupare neuronal i roto i te ACx.
Tuatahi, ko ēnei urupare ngoikore pea nā te iti haere o te whakaohooho ā-roto o ngā pūtau cortical i muri i te pānga ki te LTE 1800 MHz. Hei tautoko i tēnei whakaaro, i whakaitihia e te GSM-1800 MHz me te 1800 MHz-CW te mahi pahū i te wā i whakamahia tika ai ki ngā ahurea tuatahi o ngā neurons kiore cortical me ngā taumata SAR o te 3.2 W/kg me te 4.6 W/kg, ia, engari i hiahiatia he taumata SAR paepae hei whakaiti i te mahi pahū. I te tautoko i te whakaiti i te whakaohooho ā-roto, i kite hoki mātou i ngā reiti iti iho o te pupuhi ohorere i roto i ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia i ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia rūpahu.
Tuarua, ka pā pea te pānga o te LTE ki te tuku synaptic mai i ngā synapses thalamo-cortical, cortical-cortical rānei. He maha ngā tuhinga e whakaatu ana i tēnei wā, i roto i te cortex auditory, ko te whānuitanga o te whakatikatika spectral kāore i te whakatauhia anake e ngā whakaaturanga thalamic afferent, engari ko ngā hononga intracortical ka hoatu he whakauru spectral tāpiri ki ngā pae cortical39,40. I roto i ā mātou whakamātautau, ko te meka i whakaatuhia e te cortical STRF he whānui rite i roto i ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia me ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia ki te rūpahu i kīia ai kāore ngā pānga o te whakaaturanga LTE i pā ki te hononga cortical-cortical. E kī ana hoki tēnei ko te hononga teitei ake i roto i ētahi atu rohe cortical i whakaatuhia ki te SAR i te ine i roto i te ACx (Pikitia 2) kāore pea i te kawenga mō ngā urupare kua whakarerekētia i kōrerotia i konei.
I konei, he nui ake te ōwehenga o ngā rekoata cortical i whakaatuhia ki te LPS i whakaatu i ngā paepae teitei ki te whakataurite ki ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia ki te LPS rūpahu. I te mea kua whakaarohia ko te paepae oro cortical e whakahaeretia ana e te kaha o te synapse thalamo-cortical39,40, ka taea te whakapae ka whakaitihia te tuku thalamo-cortical e te whakaaturanga, ahakoa te presynaptic (te whakahekenga o te tuku glutamate) te taumata postsynaptic rānei (te whakahekenga o te maha o ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi, te hononga rānei).
He rite ki ngā pānga o te GSM-1800 MHz, i puta ngā urupare neuronal whakarerekētia i puta mai i te LTE i roto i te horopaki o te mumura neuroinflammation i puta mai i te LPS, e tohuhia ana e ngā urupare microglial. E whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga o nāianei he kaha te awe o te microglia ki te mahi a ngā whatunga neuronal i roto i ngā roro noa me ngā roro mate41,42,43. Ko tō rātou kaha ki te whakarerekē i te neurotransmission e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaputanga o ngā pūhui e whakaputaina ana e rātou ka taea, ka taea rānei te whakawhāiti i te neurotransmission, engari ki te nekehanga teitei o ā rātou tukanga pūtau. I roto i te cortex roro, ko te pikinga me te hekenga o te mahi a ngā whatunga neuronal ka whakaoho i te tere o te whānui o te rohe mokowhiti microglial nā te tipu o ngā tukanga microglial44,45. Ina koa, ka kohikohia ngā protrusions microglial tata ki ngā synapses thalamocortical whakahohe, ā, ka taea te aukati i te mahi a ngā synapses whakahihiri mā roto i ngā tikanga e uru ana ki te whakaputanga adenosine rohe e whakahaerehia ana e te microglia.
I roto i ngā kiore i rongoatia ki te LPS i tukuna ki te GSM-1800 MHz me te SARACx i te 1.55 W/kg, i heke te mahi a ngā neuron ACx me te tipu o ngā tukanga microglial i tohuhia e ngā wāhi nui kua pania ki te Iba1 i roto i te ACx28 Increase. E kī ana tēnei kitenga ka taea e te whakahoutanga microglial i whakaohokia e te whakaaturanga GSM te whai wāhi kaha ki te whakahekenga i puta mai i te GSM i roto i ngā urupare neuronal i puta mai i te oro. E whakahē ana tā mātou rangahau o nāianei i tēnei ariā i roto i te horopaki o te whakaaturanga upoko LTE me te SARACx i herea ki te 0.5 W/kg, i te mea kāore i kitea he pikinga i roto i te rohe ā-wāhi e hipokina ana e ngā tukanga microglial. Heoi, kāore tēnei e whakakore i tetahi pānga o te tohu LTE ki ngā microglia i whakahohehia e te LPS, ka pā pea ki te mahi neuronal. Me whai atu rangahau hei whakautu i tēnei pātai me te whakatau i ngā tikanga e whakarerekē ai te mumura neuro ūkui i ngā urupare neuronal ki te tohu LTE.
Ki tā mātou mōhio, kāore anō kia rangahauhia i mua te pānga o ngā tohu LTE ki te tukatuka whakarongo. I whakaatuhia e ā mātou rangahau o mua 26,28 me te rangahau o nāianei i roto i te horopaki o te mumura nui, ko te whakaaturanga o te upoko anake ki te GSM-1800 MHz, LTE-1800 MHz rānei i hua ake ai ngā whakarerekētanga mahi i roto i ngā urupare neuronal i roto i te ACx, e whakaatuhia ana e te pikinga o te paepae whakarongo. Mō ngā take matua e rua, kaua te mahi cochlear e pāngia e tā mātou whakaaturanga LTE. Tuatahi, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te rangahau dosimetry e whakaatuhia ana i te Pikitia 2, ko ngā taumata teitei o te SAR (tata ki te 1 W/kg) kei roto i te dorsomedial cortex (i raro i te antenna), ā, ka heke nui i te neke haere o te tangata ki te taha me te taha. Ko te wāhanga ventral o te upoko. Ka taea te whakatau tata ki te 0.1 W/kg i te taumata o te pinna kiore (i raro i te awa taringa). Tuarua, i te wā i whakaatuhia ai ngā taringa guinea pig mō te 2 marama i te GSM 900 MHz (5 rā/wiki, 1 hāora/rā, SAR i waenga i te 1 me te 4 W/kg), i reira kāore he panonitanga kitea i roto i te nui o te hua whakapōrearea otoacoustic Paepae mō te Tukunga me ngā Urupare Rororongo Whakarongo 47. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakaaturanga o te upoko ki te GSM 900, 1800 MHz rānei i te SAR ā-rohe o te 2 W/kg kāore i pā ki te mahi pūtau makawe o waho o te cochlear i roto i ngā kiore hauora48,49. E whakaata ana ēnei hua i ngā raraunga i whiwhihia i roto i te tangata, i reira kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau kāore he pānga pumau o te whakaaturanga 10 ki te 30 meneti ki te EMF mai i ngā waea pūkoro GSM ki te tukatuka whakarongo e ai ki te aromatawai i te cochlear50,51,52ranei te taumata roro53,54.
I roto i tā mātou rangahau, i kitea ngā huringa o te mura o ngā neuron i whakaohohia e te LTE i roto i te tinana ora 3 ki te 6 hāora i muri i te mutunga o te whakaaturanga. I roto i tētahi rangahau o mua i runga i te wāhanga dorsomedial o te cortex, he maha ngā pānga i puta mai i te GSM-1800 MHz i kitea i te 24 hāora i muri i te whakaaturanga kāore i kitea i te 72 hāora i muri i te whakaaturanga. Koinei te āhua o te whānui o ngā tukanga microglial, te whakahekenga o te ira IL-1ß me te whakarerekētanga muri-whakamāori o ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi AMPA. I te mea he iti ake te uara SAR o te cortex auditory (0.5W/kg) i te rohe dorsomedial (2.94W/kg26), ko ngā huringa o te ngohe neuron i kōrerotia i konei te āhua nei he rangitahi noa iho.
Me whai whakaaro ā mātou raraunga ki ngā rohe SAR e tika ana me ngā whakatau tata mō ngā uara SAR tuturu i tutukihia i roto i te roro o ngā kaiwhakamahi waea pūkoro. Ko ngā paerewa o nāianei e whakamahia ana hei tiaki i te marea e whakatakoto ana i te rohe SAR ki te 2 W/kg mō te pānga o te mahunga, o te tinana rānei ki ngā auau reo irirangi i te awhe RF 100 kHz me te 6 GHz.
Kua whakahaerehia ngā whakatauira horopeta mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira rerekē o te upoko tangata hei whakatau i te mimiti mana RF i roto i ngā kiko rerekē o te upoko i te wā e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ana te upoko whānui, waea pūkoro rānei. Haunga te kanorau o ngā tauira upoko tangata, e whakaatu ana ēnei whakatauira i ngā rerekētanga nui, i ngā āwangawanga rānei i roto i te whakatau tata i te kaha e mimitihia ana e te roro i runga i ngā tawhā anatomical, histological rānei pērā i te āhua o waho, o roto rānei o te angaanga, te matotoru, te nui rānei o te wai. He rerekē ngā kiko o te upoko i runga i te tau, te ira tangata, te takitahi rānei 56,57,58. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga o te waea pūkoro, pērā i te wāhi o roto o te pūihi me te tūranga o te waea pūkoro e pā ana ki te upoko o te kaiwhakamahi, he kaha te awe ki te taumata me te tohatoha o ngā uara SAR i roto i te cortex roro59,60. Heoi, i runga i ngā tohatoha SAR kua pūrongohia i roto i te cortex roro tangata, i whakatūria mai i ngā tauira waea pūkoro e tuku ana i ngā auau reo irirangi i te awhe 1800 MHz58, 59, 60, te āhua nei ko ngā taumata SAR i tutukihia i roto i te cortex whakarongo tangata kei te iti tonu te whakamahi i te haurua o te cortex roro tangata. Ko tā mātou rangahau (SARACx 0.5 W/kg). Nō reira, kāore ā mātou raraunga e whakahē ana i ngā herenga o nāianei o ngā uara SAR e pā ana ki te marea.
Hei whakamutunga, e whakaatu ana tā mātou rangahau ko te pānga kotahi ki te LTE-1800 MHz i te upoko anake ka whakararuraru i ngā urupare neuronal o ngā neuron cortical ki ngā whakaohooho sensory. E rite ana ki ngā āhuatanga o mua o ngā pānga o te tohu GSM, e kī ana ā mātou hua he rerekē ngā pānga o te tohu LTE ki te mahi neuronal i runga i te āhua hauora. Ka whakanuia e te mumura neuroinflammation ūkui ngā neurons ki te LTE-1800 MHz, ka hua ake he whakarerekētanga o te tukatuka cortical o ngā whakaohooho auditory.
I kohia ngā raraunga i te 55 o ngā rā o te pakeke mai i te roro o ngā kiore Wistar pakeke 31 i tangohia mai i te taiwhanga Janvier. I whakanohoia ngā kiore ki roto i tētahi whare e whakahaeretia ana te haumākū (50-55%) me te pāmahana (22-24 °C) me te huringa mārama/pōuri o te 12 hāora/12 hāora (ngā rama e kā ana i te 7:30am) me te urunga noa ki te kai me te wai. I whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau katoa i runga anō i ngā aratohu i whakatūria e te Kaunihera o ngā Hapori Pākehā (2010/63/EU Council Directive), he rite ki ngā mea i whakaahuatia i roto i te Society for Neuroscience Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience Research. I whakaaetia tēnei tikanga e te Komiti Matatika Paris-Sud and Center (CEEA Nama 59, Kaupapa 2014-25, National Protocol 03729.02) mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga i whakamanahia e tēnei komiti 32-2011 me 34-2012.
I whakawhanaungahia ngā kararehe ki ngā rūma koroni mō te iti rawa i te kotahi wiki i mua i te maimoatanga LPS me te whakaaturanga (te whakaaturanga rūpahu rānei) ki te LTE-EMF.
E rua tekau mā rua ngā kiore i werohia ki roto i te puku (ip) ki te E. coli LPS (250 µg/kg, serotype 0127:B8, SIGMA) i whakaranua ki te saline isotonic kore-endotoxin sterile 24 hāora i mua i te LTE, i te whakaaturanga rūpahu rānei (n mō ia rōpū). = 11). I roto i ngā kiore tāne Wistar e 2-marama te pakeke, ka puta he urupare neuroinflammatory i tēnei maimoatanga LPS e tohuhia ana i roto i te cortex roro e ētahi ira pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1ß, CCL2, NOX2, NOS2) i whakatikatikaina i roto i ngā hāora 24 i muri i te werohanga LPS, tae atu ki te pikinga 4- me te 12-ngā wā i roto i ngā taumata o ngā tuhinga e whakamārama ana i te whākōkī NOX2 me te interleukin 1ß, ia. I tēnei wā 24-hāora, i whakaatuhia e ngā microglia cortical te āhua pūtau "matotoru" noa e tumanakohia ana e te whakahohenga pro-inflammatory o ngā pūtau i whakaohohia e te LPS (Pikitia 1), he rerekē ki te whakahohenga i whakaohohia e te LPS e ētahi atu. Ko te whakahohenga mumura pūtau e rite ana ki te 24, 61.
I whakahaerehia te whakaaturanga o te LTE EMF ki te upoko anake mā te whakamahi i te whakaritenga whakamātautau i whakamahia i mua hei aromatawai i te pānga o te GSM EMF26. I whakahaerehia te whakaaturanga LTE i muri i te 24 hāora i te werohanga LPS (11 kararehe) i te kore rānei o te maimoatanga LPS (5 kararehe). I whakamoea mārire ngā kararehe ki te ketamine/xylazine (ketamine 80 mg/kg, ip; xylazine 10 mg/kg, ip) i mua i te whakaaturanga hei ārai i te nekehanga me te whakarite kei roto te upoko o te kararehe i te pūihi koropiko e tuku ana i te tohu LTE. Kei raro nei te wāhi ka taea te whakaputa anō. Ko te haurua o ngā kiore mai i te whare herehere kotahi i mahi hei mana whakahaere (11 ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia ki te rūpahu, i roto i te 22 kiore i mua i te maimoatanga ki te LPS): i whakanohoia rātou ki raro i te pūihi koropiko, ā, i whakatakotoria te kaha o te tohu LTE ki te kore. He rite tonu ngā taumaha o ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia me ngā kararehe i whakaatuhia ki te rūpahu (p = 0.558, whakamātautau-t kāore i takirua, ns). I whakanohoia ngā kararehe katoa i whakamoea ki runga i te papa whakamahana kore-whakarewa hei pupuri i te pāmahana o ō rātou tinana ki te 37°C puta noa i te whakamātautau. Pērā i te I roto i ngā whakamātautau o mua, i whakatakotoria te wā whakaaturanga ki te 2 hāora. Whai muri i te whakaaturanga, whakatakotoria te kararehe ki runga i tētahi atu papa whakamahana i roto i te rūma pokanga. I whakamahia te tikanga whakaaturanga kotahi ki ngā kiore hauora 10 (kāore i rongoatia ki te LPS), ko te haurua o ēnei i whakaaturia rūpahu mai i te whare herehere kotahi (p = 0.694).
He rite te pūnaha whakaaturanga ki ngā pūnaha 25, 62 i whakaahuatia i roto i ngā rangahau o mua, me te whakakapi i te kaihanga auau reo irirangi hei whakaputa LTE hei utu mō ngā mara hikohiko GSM. I roto i te poto, i honoa he kaihanga RF (SMBV100A, 3.2 GHz, Rohde & Schwarz, Tiamana) e tuku ana i te mara hikohiko LTE - 1800 MHz ki te whakakaha hiko (ZHL-4W-422+, Mini-Circuits, USA), he porowhita (D3 1719-N, Sodhy, Wīwī), he hononga rua-ara (CD D 1824-2, − 30 dB, Sodhy, Wīwī) me te wehewehe hiko wha-ara (DC D 0922-4N, Sodhy, Wīwī), e taea ai te Whakaatu i ngā kararehe e whā i te wā kotahi. I taea e te mita hiko (N1921A, Agilent, USA) i honoa ki te hononga rua-ara te ine me te aroturuki tonu i te hiko taupatupatu me te hiko whakaata i roto i te taputapu. I honoa ia putanga ki te pūihi porowhita (Sama-Sistemi srl; Roma), e āhei ai te whakaatu ā-wāhanga o te upoko o te kararehe. Ko te pūihi koropiko he ara iahiko tā me ngā rārangi whakarewa e rua (pūmau dielectric εr = 4.6) kua whakairohia ki runga i te papa epoxy whakamātao. I tetahi pito, ko te taputapu he waea 1 mm te whānui e hanga ana i tētahi mowhiti e tata ana ki te upoko o te kararehe. Pērā i ngā rangahau o mua26,62, i whakatauhia te tere mimiti motuhake (SAR) mā te whakamahi i te tauira kiore tau me te tikanga rohe wā rerekētanga mutunga kore (FDTD)63,64,65. I whakatauhia hoki ēnei mā te whakamātautau i roto i te tauira kiore ōrite mā te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau Luxtron hei ine i te pikinga pāmahana. I tēnei take, ka tatauhia te SAR i roto i te W/kg mā te whakamahi i te tātai: SAR = C ΔT/Δt, ko C te kaha wera i roto i te J/(kg K), ΔT, i roto i te °K me te Δt Huringa pāmahana, te wā i roto i ngā hēkona. I whakaritea ngā uara SAR kua whakatauhia e te tau ki ngā uara SAR whakamātautau i whiwhihia mā te whakamahi i te tauira ōrite, inā koa i roto i ngā rohe roro kiore ōrite. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā inenga SAR tau me ngā uara SAR i kitea e te whakamātautau he iti iho i te 30%.
E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2a i te tohatoha SAR i roto i te roro o te kiore i roto i te tauira kiore, e rite ana ki te tohatoha e pā ana ki te taumaha tinana me te rahi o ngā kiore i whakamahia i roto i tā mātou rangahau. Ko te SAR toharite o te roro he 0.37 ± 0.23 W/kg (toharite ± SD). Ko ngā uara SAR kei te rohe cortical i raro noa i te antenna koropiko. Ko te SAR ā-rohe i roto i te ACx (SARACx) he 0.50 ± 0.08 W/kg (toharite ± SD) (Pikitia 2b). Nā te mea he ōrite ngā taumaha tinana o ngā kiore kua kitea, ā, he iti noa iho ngā rerekētanga o te matotoru o te kiko o te pane, e tika ana kia tino ōrite te SAR tuturu o te ACx, o ētahi atu rohe cortical rānei i waenga i tētahi kararehe kua kitea me tētahi atu.
I te mutunga o te whakaaturanga, i tāpirihia ngā kararehe ki ētahi atu horopeta o te ketamine (20 mg/kg, ip) me te xylazine (4 mg/kg, ip) tae noa ki te korenga o ngā nekehanga ā-whakaaro i kitea i muri i te pēhi i te waewae o muri. I werohia he rongoā whakangote ā-rohe (Xylocain 2%) ki raro i te kiri me te uaua temporalis i runga ake i te angaanga, ā, i whakanohoia ngā kararehe ki runga i tētahi pūnaha whakamahana kore-whakarewa. I muri i te whakanoho i te kararehe ki roto i te anga stereotaxic, i mahia he craniotomy ki runga i te cortex temporal maui. Pērā i tā mātou rangahau o mua66, mai i te hononga o ngā wheua parietal me te temporal, ko te whakatuwheratanga he 9 mm te whānui me te 5 mm te teitei. I tangohia marietia te dura i runga ake i te ACx i raro i te mana o te karu-rua me te kore e kino ki ngā oko toto. I te mutunga o te tikanga, i hangaia he turanga ki roto i te sima kiriaku niho hei whakapiri i te upoko o te kararehe i te wā e tuhi ana. Whakanohoia te anga stereotaxic e tautoko ana i te kararehe ki roto i tētahi rūma whakaiti oro (IAC, tauira AC1).
I whiwhihia ngā raraunga mai i ngā rekoata maha-wāhanga i roto i te cortex whakarongo tuatahi o ngā kiore 20, tae atu ki ngā kararehe 10 i rongoatia ki te LPS. I whiwhihia ngā rekoata o waho-pūtau mai i tētahi huinga o ngā irahiko tungsten 16 (TDT, ø: 33 µm, < 1 MΩ) e rua ngā rarangi o ngā irahiko 8 e wehea ana i te 1000 µm te wehe (350 µm i waenga i ngā irahiko i te rarangi kotahi). I whakaurua he waea hiriwa (ø: 300 µm) hei whenua i waenganui i te wheua temporal me te dura contralateral. Ko te wāhi i whakatauhia o te ACx tuatahi ko te 4-7 mm i muri i te bregma me te 3 mm ventral ki te tuitui supratemporal. I whakanuia te tohu mata 10,000 ngā wā (TDT Medusa) kātahi ka tukatukahia e te pūnaha kohikohi raraunga maha-hongere (RX5, TDT). I tātarihia ngā tohu i kohia mai i ia irahiko (610–10,000 Hz) hei tango i te ngohe maha-wāhanga (MUA). I āta whakaritea ngā taumata whakaoho mō ia irahiko (nā ngā kaituhi tahi i matapohia ki ngā āhua kua kitea, kua kitea rānei) hei tīpako i te pūmanawa mahi nui rawa atu mai i te tohu. I whakaatuhia e te tirotiro tuihono me te tirotiro tuimotu o ngā āhua ngaru ko te MUA i kohia i konei he pūmanawa mahi i hangaia e te 3 ki te 6 neurons e tata ana ki ngā irahiko. I te tīmatanga o ia whakamātautau, i whakatakotoria e mātou te tūranga o te huinga irahiko kia taea ai e ngā rarangi e rua o ngā irahiko e waru te whakamātautau i ngā neurons, mai i ngā urupare auau iti ki te auau teitei ina mahia i te aronga rostral.
I hangaia ngā whakaohooho oro i roto i te Matlab, i tukuna ki tētahi pūnaha tuku oro e hangai ana ki te RP2.1 (TDT) ā, i tukuna ki tētahi pūorooro Fostex (FE87E). I whakatakotoria te pūorooro kia 2 cm te tawhiti mai i te taringa matau o te kiore, ā, i taua tawhiti ka puta he whānuitanga auau papatahi (± 3 dB) i waenga i te 140 Hz me te 36 kHz i te pūorooro. I mahia te whakatikatika pūorooro mā te whakamahi i te haruru me ngā oro parakore i hopukina ki tētahi hopuoro Bruel me Kjaer 4133 i honoa ki tētahi whakakaha mua B&K 2169 me te kaiwhakamahara matihiko Marantz PMD671. I whakatauhia te Mara Whakawhiwhi Wā Spectral (STRF) mā te whakamahi i ngā auau oro gamma 97, e kapi ana i ngā octave 8 (0.14–36 kHz), i whakaatuhia i roto i te raupapa matapōkere i te 75 dB SPL i te 4.15 Hz. Ka whakatauhia te Rohe Urupare Auau (FRA) mā te whakamahi i te huinga oro kotahi, ā, ka whakaatuhia i roto i te raupapa matapōkere i te 2 Hz mai i te 75 ki te 5 dB SPL. Ia e waru ngā wā e whakaatuhia ana te auau i ia kaha.
I arotakehia hoki ngā urupare ki ngā whakaohooho taiao. I roto i ngā rangahau o mua, i kitea e mātou he onge te whakaputanga o ngā reo kiore i ngā urupare kaha i roto i te ACx, ahakoa te auau tino pai o te neuronal (BF), engari ko ngā reo motuhake ki te xenograft (hei tauira, ngā reo manu waiata, poaka kēne rānei) te tikanga ko te mahere reo katoa. Nō reira, i whakamatauria e mātou ngā urupare cortical ki ngā reo i roto i ngā poaka kēne (ko te whiowhio i whakamahia i roto i te 36 i honoa ki te 1 s o ngā whakaohooho, i whakaatuhia i te 25 ngā wā).
Ka taea hoki e mātou te whakarite i ngā wāhanga rf passive kia rite ki ō hiahia. Ka taea e koe te tomo ki te whārangi whakaritenga hei whakarato i ngā whakatakotoranga e hiahiatia ana e koe.
https://www.keenlion.com/customizer/
Īmāri:
sales@keenlion.com
tom@keenlion.com
Wā tuku: Pipiri-23-2022
